Asymmetry of Sagittal Otolith Shape Based on Inner Ear Side Tested on Mediterranean Red Mullet (Mullus barbatus Linnaeus, 1758): Comparative Analysis of 2D and 3D Otolith Shape Data

Sagittal otolith shape analysis is one of the most widespread techniques worldwide to discriminate fish stock units, as this proxy integrates both environmental and genetic factors. All previous studies have been carried out using two-dimensional (2D) images, a partial representation whole otolith. However, prior identification unit boundaries, influence other potential drivers controlling must be analysed limit their bias. In study, presence asymmetry in depending on inner ear side (i.e., left versus right ears) was tested by comparing approaches 2D three-dimensional (3D) sagittal analyses. Eighty-two red mullet adults (Mullus barbatus) from three locations eastern part Mediterranean Sea were studied. Fourier harmonic descriptors computed outlines spherical 3D meshes used evaluate variation. The results multivariate mixed-effects model images showed that there no effect any location. There was, however, significant geographical for between Adriatic Levantine Sea. contrast, information effects differences significant. This first study data showing different same sample mullet. These demonstrate importance discrimination.